A2Z Surveillance & Security Glossary
Explore A2Z’s comprehensive glossary covering CCTV, IP, Video Surveillance, Security, and other related technologies. This resource provides clear definitions for key terms and concepts, helping users better understand professional surveillance systems.
0-9
1:1 Aspect Ratio
Square video format used occasionally in specialty surveillance or cropping for social media monitoring.
10/100/1000 Ethernet
Networking standard supporting 10Mbps, 100Mbps, and 1Gbps speeds.
1080p (Full HD)
A resolution of 1920x1080 pixels, equivalent to 2MP, widely used in modern security systems.
12MP Resolution
Ultra-high resolution camera offering significant detail for forensic-level analysis.
12VDC (12 Volt Direct Current)
A standard low-voltage power supply used in many analog CCTV cameras and accessories.
16:9 Aspect Ratio
Modern widescreen video aspect ratio common in security footage.
180° Panoramic Camera
A surveillance camera offering a wide-angle field of view across 180 degrees, ideal for covering large open areas.
2.4GHz Band
A Wi-Fi frequency offering longer range but lower speeds, commonly used in wireless security cameras.
2K Resolution
A resolution of approximately 2048x1080 pixels, providing greater detail than 1080p.
24/7 Recording
Continuous video recording without interruptions, ensuring no events are missed.
24VAC (24 Volt Alternating Current)
A power standard for larger or commercial-grade cameras and systems, allowing longer cable runs than 12VDC.
30fps (Frames Per Second)
A standard frame rate providing smooth video playback for most surveillance applications.
32:9 Aspect Ratio
An ultra-wide aspect ratio found in some panoramic or stitched multi-sensor surveillance systems.
360° Camera
A surveillance camera providing a full panoramic view for total situational awareness, often utilizing fisheye lenses.
3-axis Gimbal
A mechanism allowing camera movement across three axes for stabilization and flexible positioning.
3DNR (3D Digital Noise Reduction)
A video processing technique that reduces image noise in low-light video by analyzing multiple frames.
3K Resolution
A resolution around 3072x1728 pixels, less common but available in some advanced systems.
4:3 Aspect Ratio
Traditional video aspect ratio used in older CCTV systems.
4K (Ultra HD)
A resolution of 3840x2160 pixels, four times the detail of Full HD, ideal for high-detail monitoring.
5GHz Band
A Wi-Fi frequency supporting higher speeds but shorter range, ideal for high-bandwidth video transmission.
720p (HD)
A resolution of 1280x720 pixels, suitable for basic surveillance needs, also known as 1MP.
802.11 Standards
Wi-Fi protocols that define wireless networking capabilities (e.g., 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax).
802.3af (PoE)
Power over Ethernet standard delivering up to 15.4W per port, suitable for basic IP cameras.
802.3at (PoE+)
Enhanced PoE standard delivering up to 30W per port, ideal for cameras with heaters or PTZ motors.
802.3bt (PoE++)
Latest PoE standard supporting up to 60W (Type 3) or 100W (Type 4), used for high-power devices like multi-sensor cameras.
802.3bz (Multi-Gigabit Ethernet)
IEEE standard supporting 2.5G and 5G Ethernet speeds over existing Cat5e/Cat6 cabling.
8K (Ultra HD)
A resolution of 7680x4320 pixels (32MP), used in high-end systems requiring exceptional detail.
A ⇧
AAC (Advanced Audio Coding)
Audio compression format delivering superior sound at lower bitrates.
AC (Alternating Current)
Electrical current that reverses direction periodically.
Access Control
System managing physical entry using credentials like cards, fobs, or biometrics.
Access Level
User permissions defining access to areas and system features.
Access Point (AP)
A networking device that allows Wi-Fi devices to connect to a wired network, often used for wireless surveillance cameras.
Active Deterrence Camera
Equipped with lights, sirens, or voice alerts to deter intruders.
Active Noise Reduction (ANR)
Used to minimize background noise in audio surveillance.
ActiveX
A Microsoft technology used in older surveillance software for embedding interactive content in browsers.
Adaptive Bitrate Streaming
A video delivery technique that dynamically adjusts quality based on network conditions.
ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter)
Converts analog video signals for digital systems.
AGC (Automatic Gain Control)
Maintains consistent image brightness.
AI (Artificial Intelligence)
In surveillance, refers to intelligent systems capable of object detection, facial recognition, and advanced analytics.
Alarm Input/Output (I/O)
Physical connectors on surveillance devices used for integrating external alarms and sensors.
Alarm Relay
An electrical switch within security systems used to trigger external devices like sirens or lights.
Alarm Verification
A process where incoming alarm signals are validated with video or audio before dispatching a response.
ALC (Automatic Level Control)
Used in auto-iris lenses to adjust brightness for optimal image quality.
Alias IP Address
An alternate IP address assigned to a network device for redundancy or special configurations.
Amperage
The strength of an electric current measured in amperes (amps), important for determining power requirements of security devices.
Ambient Light
The existing light in an environment that affects camera image quality.
Ambient Temperature
The surrounding environmental temperature where a device operates, affecting performance and durability.
Analog Camera
A traditional CCTV camera that transmits video over coaxial cable.
Analog HD (AHD)
An enhanced analog video standard that allows high-definition video transmission over coaxial cables.
Analog Switcher
Device used to manage multiple analog video feeds.
Anamorphic Lens
A specialized lens that compresses or expands the image horizontally to capture wider fields of view.
ANPR (Automatic Number Plate Recognition)
Detects and logs vehicle license plates in video footage.
Anti-Aliasing
A digital processing technique that smooths jagged edges in images.
Anti-Passback
An access control feature preventing a user from re-entering an area without first exiting.
Anti-Reflective Coating
A lens treatment that reduces glare and improves light transmission.
Anti-Tamper
Protective features in devices that detect and respond to physical tampering attempts.
API (Application Programming Interface)
Software framework that enables integration between surveillance systems and third-party applications.
API Gateway
A system that manages API calls between client applications and back-end services, enhancing security and scalability.
Aperture
The adjustable opening in a lens that controls how much light reaches the camera sensor.
Aperture Priority
A camera mode allowing the user to set aperture while the system automatically selects shutter speed for proper exposure.
Array IR
Refers to infrared LEDs arranged in arrays for more uniform illumination.
Aspect Correction
A video processing feature that adjusts the displayed image to correct distortions caused by mismatched aspect ratios.
Aspect Ratio
The proportional relationship between an image’s width and height (e.g., 16:9).
Aspherical Lens
A lens designed to reduce optical aberrations for clearer images.
Attenuation
The gradual loss of signal strength as it travels through a medium, affecting cable runs in surveillance systems.
Audio Surveillance
Use of microphones and recording systems to capture and monitor sound in addition to video.
Auto Back Focus (ABF)
A feature in some cameras that automatically adjusts the back focus for optimal sharpness.
Auto Focus (AF)
Lens feature that adjusts focus automatically for sharp images.
Auto Iris (AI)
Automatically adjusts the camera lens aperture to compensate for changing light levels.
Auto Tracking
PTZ feature that enables the camera to follow moving objects automatically.
Auto Zoom
A camera function that automatically adjusts zoom levels to keep a subject in optimal frame.
Auxiliary Power Supply
A backup or secondary power source that supports surveillance devices during primary power failure.
AWB (Auto White Balance)
Automatically corrects color balance for natural images.
AWG (American Wire Gauge)
Standardized wire gauge system for electrical cabling.
AVI (Audio Video Interleave)
A multimedia container format used for storing video and audio.
Authentication Protocol
Security mechanisms used to verify the identity of users or devices before granting access to a network or system.
Automatic Exposure (AE)
A camera function adjusting exposure settings dynamically.
Automatic Gain Limit (AGL)
A variation of AGC that sets maximum gain levels.
Azure Cloud Integration
Microsoft’s cloud platform, often used for video storage and analytics in enterprise surveillance systems.
B ⇧
BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman)
A standard coaxial connector used in CCTV systems for quick connections with 50 or 75 ohm impedance.
Back Focus
The adjustable distance between a camera sensor and lens, crucial for maintaining clear focus in security cameras.
Back Light Compensation (BLC)
A camera feature that automatically adjusts exposure to improve visibility in backlit scenes.
Backup
The process of duplicating video footage or system data for restoration after loss or failure.
Bad Sector
A defective area of storage on a hard drive or memory device, inaccessible for recording data.
Balanced Signal
A noise-resistant transmission method using two inverse signals over twisted pair cabling.
Balun (Balanced-Unbalanced)
A converter allowing video signals to travel between balanced (twisted pair) and unbalanced (coaxial) cabling.
Bandwidth
The capacity of a network or connection to carry data, impacting video quality and number of streams.
Bandwidth Optimization
Techniques like H.265 compression, sub-streaming, or variable bitrates to reduce data consumption.
Bay
A hardware slot in NVRs or DVRs designed for installing hard drives or other components.
Battery Backup (UPS)
An uninterruptible power supply ensuring surveillance systems remain operational during power outages.
Battery Heated Enclosure
A weatherproof housing with heating elements and battery power for cameras in extreme cold.
Beam Angle
The spread of light or infrared illumination emitted by a camera or illuminator.
Beamforming Antenna
Advanced wireless technology that directs radio signals for improved coverage and reliability.
Bi-Directional Audio
Two-way audio capability enabling listening and speaking through cameras or intercoms.
Biometrics
Human identification methods using physical traits like fingerprints, facial recognition, or iris scans.
Bitrate
The amount of video data transmitted per second, directly affecting image quality and bandwidth.
Bit Depth (Color)
The number of bits per pixel defining the color range in a digital image.
Black Level Adjustment
A camera setting used to fine-tune shadow details and image contrast.
Blackbody Calibration Device
Used with thermal cameras to maintain precise temperature measurements during operation.
Blooming
An effect where intense light causes bright areas to bleed or blur into adjacent pixels.
Board Camera
A compact camera module used in OEM, covert, or space-limited surveillance applications.
Body-Worn Camera
A portable device worn on personnel uniforms to capture video and audio in real time.
Bracket
A support or mounting accessory for securing cameras or equipment to surfaces.
Brightness
The perception of light intensity in a video image, adjustable via camera settings.
Bullet Camera
A cylindrical surveillance camera known for its weather-resistant design and ease of installation.
Bullet Proof Camera Housing (Ballistic Camera Housing)
Rugged enclosures designed to protect cameras from gunfire and debris in high-risk areas.
Bounce
An image issue where displayed video shifts position due to signal disruptions or instability.
BMP (Bitmap Image File)
An uncompressed digital image file format occasionally used in surveillance systems.
Button Camera
A miniature covert camera disguised as a button for discreet monitoring.
Byte
A data unit equivalent to eight bits, used in storage and transmission of digital video.
C ⇧
C-Mount / CS-Mount
Standard lens mounts for box-style cameras; C-mount has a 17.526mm flange distance, CS-mount is 12.5mm.
CCTV (Closed Circuit Television)
A private video surveillance system transmitting signals over coaxial or IP networks for monitoring and recording.
CCTV Matrix Switcher
An analog-era device for routing multiple camera feeds to monitors or recorders.
Cat5e/Cat6 Cable
Ethernet cabling standards used in IP surveillance systems, supporting PoE and high-speed data transfer.
Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
Older display technology for video monitors, largely replaced by LCD, LED, and OLED screens.
Checksum
A verification method used to detect errors in stored or transmitted video data.
Chroma Control
A camera setting that adjusts the saturation level of colors in video.
Chromatic Aberration
Lens distortion causing color fringing at edges of images due to light refraction differences.
Chrominance
The color portion of a video signal, separate from brightness (luminance).
Cloud Storage
Offsite video storage hosted online for secure remote access and redundancy.
Cloud VMS (Video Management System)
Cloud-hosted software platforms for managing and monitoring IP camera systems.
CMS (Central Management Software)
A platform for viewing, controlling, and managing multiple DVRs, NVRs, and IP cameras from a centralized interface.
Coaxial Cable
A signal transmission cable with a central conductor, dielectric insulator, and shield, standard for analog CCTV systems.
Coaxial Control
A method of overlaying PTZ or alarm data commands onto video signals traveling over coaxial cable.
CODEC (Compressor-Decompressor)
Software or hardware used to compress and decompress digital video streams for efficient transmission and storage.
Color Depth
Defines the number of colors a pixel can display, determined by bits per pixel (bpp).
Color Saturation
Adjusts the vividness or intensity of colors in video footage.
Color Temperature
Measured in Kelvin (K), it indicates the color tone of lighting affecting camera images.
Command and Control Center
A centralized facility for monitoring, managing, and analyzing large-scale surveillance networks.
Command Trailer
A mobile surveillance trailer equipped with cameras, communication systems, and power for rapid deployment.
Component Video (CAV)
An analog video format that splits signals into multiple channels for higher quality transmission.
Composite Video
An analog video format carrying color, brightness, and sync data on a single channel.
Compression
A technique for reducing the size of video files to save storage and bandwidth (e.g., H.264, H.265).
Contactless Card (Proximity Card)
RFID-based access control cards that authenticate users without direct physical contact.
Contrast
The ratio between the brightest and darkest parts of a video image.
Contrast Ratio
A display specification measuring the range between the deepest black and the brightest white.
Control Panel
A hardware device or software interface for configuring and managing surveillance or access systems.
Covert IR (Infrared)
Infrared illuminators operating at 940nm wavelength, invisible to the human eye for fully discreet night surveillance.
Covert Surveillance Camera
A hidden camera designed for inconspicuous monitoring, integrated into everyday objects or environments.
Crosstalk
Interference caused by signal leakage between adjacent cables or circuits.
Cybersecure Camera
An IP camera designed with advanced encryption and security features to prevent unauthorized access.
Cybersecurity (Surveillance)
The practice of protecting IP cameras, NVRs, and VMS software from hacking and cyber threats.
D ⇧
Daisy Chain
Connecting multiple devices in series, such as cameras or monitors, often used in power or data configurations.
Data Encryption
Securing video and network data by encoding it for privacy and protection.
Day/Night Camera
Switches between color and IR modes for 24/7 monitoring.
DDNS (Dynamic DNS)
Maps dynamic IP addresses to a fixed domain for easier remote access.
Dead Pixel Correction
Image processing function that compensates for defective pixels in camera sensors.
Decoder
A device or software that converts encoded video streams into viewable formats.
Default Settings
Pre-configured settings of a device or system before customization.
Defog
A camera feature designed to enhance image clarity in fog, haze, or smoke conditions, often as part of digital processing.
Digital Noise Reduction (DNR)
Image processing technique that minimizes noise in low-light video.
Digital Signal Processor (DSP)
Specialized microprocessor for processing digital video and audio signals.
Digital Video Recorder (DVR)
Records analog video feeds to hard drives and manages CCTV systems.
Digital Zoom
Software-based zoom that enlarges a portion of the image but can reduce clarity compared to optical zoom.
Direct Attached Storage (DAS)
Storage connected directly to a DVR/NVR without a network.
Disarm
To deactivate an alarm system.
Display Resolution
The number of distinct pixels in each dimension that can be displayed.
DNS (Domain Name System)
Translates human-friendly domain names to IP addresses.
Door Controller
A device managing inputs from access devices (card readers, keypads) to control door lock.
Door Sensor (Contact)
Device that detects door status (open/closed) for security systems.
Door Strike
Electronic locking mechanism used in access control systems.
Drop Frame
Frames omitted from video recording or playback due to bandwidth or storage limitations.
Dual Sensor Camera
Camera featuring two image sensors for improved low-light performance or simultaneous visible and IR capture.
Dual Stream Encoding
The ability of a camera to send two video streams simultaneously, often at different resolutions or frame rates.
Duplex DVR
A DVR capable of recording and playing back video simultaneously.
Dust Rating (IP Code)
Part of an IP (Ingress Protection) rating indicating resistance to dust penetration.
Dynamic DNS Update
An automatic process that keeps DNS records synchronized with changing IP addresses in surveillance systems.
Dynamic IP
An IP address assigned by a DHCP server that can change over time.
Dynamic Range (DR)
The difference between the brightest and darkest parts of an image.
Dwell Time
Time a PTZ camera stays on a preset before moving to the next.
E ⇧
Edge Analytics
Processing video analytics directly on the camera rather than on a server.
Edge Gateway
A device at the edge of the network that connects surveillance systems to cloud services, enabling hybrid storage and analytics.
Edge Recording
Video storage directly on the camera using SD cards or similar media.
Egress Control
Access control feature managing exit permissions in secure facilities.
Electronic Image Stabilization (EIS)
A digital method for reducing camera shake and vibration in recorded video.
Electronic Shutter
A camera feature controlling how long the sensor is exposed to light, reducing motion blur.
Emergency Lighting Integration
Linking surveillance systems with emergency lighting for improved visibility during power failures or alarms.
Emergency Power Off (EPO)
A safety mechanism to quickly shut down power to surveillance equipment in critical situations.
Embedded VMS
Video management software built directly into NVRs or IP cameras for simplified setup and management.
Encryption
Secures data transmissions to prevent unauthorized access.
Environmental Rating (IP/IK)
Standards indicating a device’s resistance to dust, water, and impact (e.g., IP67, IK10).
Error Correction Code (ECC)
Technology in storage devices to detect and correct data corruption.
Ethernet
Wired network technology commonly used in IP camera systems.
Ethernet Over Coax (EoC)
Technology enabling IP data transmission over legacy coaxial cabling.
Event-Based Recording
Recording triggered by motion or specific system events.
Event Correlation
Analyzing multiple system events to detect patterns and trigger complex alerts.
Event Log
A record of system events such as alarms, motion detections, or user actions.
eSATA (External Serial ATA)
An interface allowing external storage devices to connect to DVRs or NVRs for high-speed data transfer.
Exclusion Zone
User-defined areas in the camera’s field of view where motion detection or analytics are ignored.
Explosion-Proof Equipment
Surveillance cameras and housings designed for hazardous environments to prevent sparks or heat from igniting flammable gases, vapors, or dust.
Extended PoE (ePoE)
A PoE standard allowing longer cable runs beyond the typical 100 meters.
Exposure
The amount of light reaching the camera sensor, affecting image brightness.
External Storage
Storage devices like NAS or DAS used for surveillance footage.
Eye-Level Camera
Cameras mounted at human eye level for better facial recognition and identification.
F ⇧
FIPS (Federal Information Processing Standards)
A set of U.S. government standards specifying security requirements for cryptographic modules, relevant to surveillance systems in regulated industries.
Fail-Safe Lock
An electric lock that unlocks during power failure for safety compliance.
Fail-Secure Lock
An electric lock that remains locked during power failure to maintain security.
Failover Cluster
A group of servers working together to ensure continuous operation if one server fails.
Failover Recording
A system feature that automatically switches recording to a backup server or device if the primary fails.
Face Detection
A video analytics feature that identifies human faces within a camera’s field of view.
Face Recognition
Advanced analytics that compares detected faces against a database for identification or verification.
False Alarm
An incorrect alert triggered by non-threatening stimuli like animals, weather, or shadows.
Fiber Optic Cable
High-speed cabling used for long-distance network connections in large surveillance installations.
Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH)
Fiber optic technology bringing high-bandwidth connections directly to premises, supporting IP surveillance deployments.
Field of View (FOV)
The area visible through a camera lens, measured in degrees.
Firewall
A network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing traffic to protect surveillance systems.
Firmware
Software programmed into hardware devices like cameras or recorders, controlling their operation.
Fisheye Camera
A camera with an ultra-wide lens that captures a 180° or 360° panoramic view.
Fixed Lens
A lens with a set focal length that cannot zoom.
Floodlight Camera
A surveillance camera integrated with powerful lights to deter intruders and improve nighttime visibility.
Fog Compensation
Image processing technology that improves visibility in foggy or low-contrast environments.
Focal Length
The distance between the camera lens and the image sensor, determining magnification and FOV.
Focal Plane
The physical plane where light converges in a camera system, critical to focus accuracy.
FPS (Frames Per Second)
The number of video frames captured per second, affecting video smoothness.
Frame Dropping
A method of skipping frames during recording or streaming to conserve bandwidth or storage.
Frame Rate
Same as FPS; a measure of how many images are displayed each second in a video.
Frame Relay
A legacy network protocol that can still be found in older security infrastructure.
Frequency Hopping
Wireless communication method that reduces interference by rapidly switching frequencies.
Full HD (1080p)
A video resolution of 1920x1080 pixels.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
Used for transferring surveillance footage to external servers.
G ⇧
G-Sensor
A sensor detecting sudden movements or impacts, often used in mobile surveillance systems to trigger recording.
Gain
Amplification of a video signal, used to brighten images in low-light conditions.
Gain Control (AGC)
Automatic adjustment of gain levels to optimize image brightness under varying lighting conditions.
Gated Access Control
Integration of surveillance systems with gates and barriers for vehicle or pedestrian entry management.
Gateway
A device that connects different networks, such as IP cameras to the internet.
Gateway NVR
An NVR that functions as a network gateway for multiple cameras, ideal for remote or large-scale deployments.
Geo-Fencing
A feature using GPS to define virtual boundaries for triggering alerts.
Geo-Tagging
Embedding GPS coordinates into video metadata for location-based searches and tracking.
Gigabit Ethernet
A network standard supporting data rates of up to 1 Gbps, important for high-resolution video.
Gigabit PoE (PoE++)
Power over Ethernet standard delivering up to 100W over Gigabit connections for high-powered devices.
GigE Vision
An interface standard for high-speed image transfer over Gigabit Ethernet, often used in industrial and surveillance cameras.
Global Illumination
A lighting design concept ensuring uniform illumination for security camera coverage.
Global Shutter
A camera sensor technology that captures an entire frame at once, reducing motion distortion in fast-moving scenes.
Glass Transition Temperature
The temperature at which a camera’s protective materials may soften or fail, critical for extreme environments.
Glass-to-Metal Seal (GTMS)
Technology in ruggedized cameras ensuring hermetic sealing for extreme environments.
Graphical User Interface (GUI)
The visual interface that allows users to interact with surveillance software or NVRs/DVRs.
Green Mode
An energy-saving feature in surveillance devices that reduces power consumption during low activity.
Ground Loop Isolator
A device that prevents video interference caused by differences in electrical ground potentials.
Guard Interval
A Wi-Fi networking feature affecting data transfer efficiency, relevant in wireless camera setups.
Guard Tour
A feature in PTZ cameras that allows them to move through preset positions on a schedule to monitor multiple areas.
Guard Zone
Predefined areas in a PTZ camera’s coverage where motion or intrusion detection is prioritized.
Grid Recording
A recording method dividing the camera’s field of view into grids, allowing motion detection sensitivity adjustments per zone.
Gyro-Stabilization
Technology using gyroscopes to reduce camera shake in mobile or drone surveillance systems.
Gyroscope Sensor
Built-in sensor in mobile cameras or drones for precise stabilization and orientation tracking.
GPS (Global Positioning System)
A satellite-based system providing location data, useful in vehicle surveillance and geo-fencing applications.
H ⇧
H.264 (AVC)
A widely used video compression standard balancing quality and storage needs.
H.265 (HEVC)
An advanced video compression standard offering improved efficiency over H.264.
H.266 (VVC)
Next-generation video codec offering even greater compression than H.265 for 4K and 8K surveillance.
H.323 Protocol
A standard used for transmitting video conferencing and surveillance streams over IP networks.
HD-SDI (High Definition Serial Digital Interface)
A standard for transmitting uncompressed HD video over coaxial cable.
HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface)
A standard for transmitting high-definition video and audio from recorders to monitors.
Hardened Switch
An industrial-grade network switch designed to withstand harsh environmental conditions.
Hard Drive Disk (HDD)
Primary storage for recorded video in DVR/NVR systems.
Hallway View
A video stream aspect ratio (e.g., 9:16) optimized for monitoring narrow corridors.
Heat Map
A video analytic tool showing areas of high motion or activity over time.
Heat Sink
A component that dissipates heat away from sensitive electronic parts in cameras and recorders.
Health Monitoring
A feature that continuously checks system components like cameras, storage, and network for faults.
Hemispheric Camera
A wide-angle camera design providing 180° or 360° coverage, often ceiling-mounted.
Hidden Camera (Covert Camera)
A surveillance camera disguised within everyday objects to monitor areas discreetly.
High Frame Rate (HFR)
Video capture at frame rates higher than 30fps for smoother motion and detailed analysis of fast moving scenes.
Honeycomb Filter
An optical component reducing glare and light scatter in camera lenses.
Hot Swappable Drive
Storage drives in NVRs/DVRs that can be replaced without shutting down the system.
Hotspot (Wi-Fi)
A wireless access point allowing cameras or mobile devices to connect to the network.
Hybrid Camera
A camera capable of operating in both analog and IP environments.
Hybrid Cloud Storage
A storage solution combining on-site and cloud storage for surveillance footage redundancy.
Hybrid DVR (XVR)
A DVR that supports both analog and IP cameras on a single system.
Hyperfocal Distance
The closest distance at which a lens can be focused while keeping objects at infinity acceptably sharp.
Handoff (Network)
The seamless transfer of a video stream between access points or servers in mobile surveillance systems.
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
A protocol enabling data communication between surveillance devices and web browsers.
HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure)
Secure version of HTTP that encrypts data transmission for surveillance system web access.
Humidity Rating
Specifies the maximum humidity level a camera or device can operate in without failure.
I ⇧
ICR (Infrared Cut Filter Removal)
Switches between day and night modes in cameras for better low-light performance.
Image Sensor
The component in cameras that captures light and converts it into electrical signals.
Image Stabilization
A feature that reduces blurriness caused by camera movement.
Indoor Camera
A camera designed specifically for indoor surveillance environments.
Indoor/Outdoor Rating
Indicates if a camera is suitable for both indoor and harsh outdoor conditions.
In-Ceiling Mount
A camera mounting option designed for discreet installations in drop ceilings.
Infrared (IR) Illumination
Invisible light used by cameras to see in total darkness.
Infrared Reflection (IR Bounce Back)
Unintended IR light bouncing off enclosures or glass, causing glare or ghosting in night vision.
Infrared Spectrum
The range of wavelengths used in surveillance IR illumination, typically 850nm and 940nm.
Ingress Protection (IP) Rating
Defines a camera’s resistance to dust and water (e.g., IP66, IP67).
Input/Output (I/O) Ports
External connections on surveillance equipment for integrating alarms, sensors, relays, or audio devices.
Integrated Microphone
Built-in microphone in a camera for capturing audio.
Integrated Wiper
A mechanical feature on outdoor cameras that keeps lenses clear of rain or debris.
Intelligent Auto (IA)
A camera mode that automatically optimizes settings for lighting and motion conditions.
Intelligent Tracking
A PTZ camera feature that automatically follows moving subjects within its field of view.
Intelligent Video Analytics (IVA)
AI-powered features like motion detection, facial recognition, and object tracking.
Interlaced Video
A video format where each frame is split into two fields for display, now largely replaced by progressive scan.
IP Address
A unique identifier assigned to devices on a network.
IP Camera (Internet Protocol Camera)
A networked camera that transmits video digitally over Ethernet or Wi-Fi.
IP Filtering
A network security measure allowing or blocking traffic based on IP addresses.
IP66/IP67/IP68
Ingress protection ratings specifying dust and water resistance levels for outdoor cameras.
IR Distance
The maximum range at which a camera’s infrared LEDs can provide visibility.
IR LEDs (Infrared Light Emitting Diodes)
Components in cameras that emit IR light for night vision.
ISO Sensitivity
A camera sensor’s sensitivity to light, affecting image quality in low light.
Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
A network security technology that monitors and analyzes traffic for malicious activity.
Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)
An advanced network security feature that actively blocks detected threats in real time.
J ⇧
Jam-Resistant Communication
Technology designed to maintain signal integrity in wireless surveillance even under intentional or accidental jamming attempts.
Jamming (Wireless)
A deliberate or accidental interference with wireless signals that can disrupt camera connectivity.
Java Applet
A software component once used to stream video in web browsers, now largely replaced by HTML5 and secure plugins.
JavaScript (Surveillance Web Interfaces)
A scripting language commonly used in browser-based interfaces for surveillance systems, enabling interactive controls and live video streaming in web clients.
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
A commonly used method of lossy compression for digital images.
Jitter
Variability in network data transmission timing, which can affect video quality.
Jitter Buffer
A networking feature that compensates for jitter by temporarily storing arriving packets to ensure smooth video playback.
Joint Detection (Analytics)
An advanced video analytic technique using multiple sensors or cameras to verify and enhance detection accuracy.
Joystick Controller
A device used to manually control PTZ (pan-tilt-zoom) cameras for precise movement.
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
A lightweight data format used in APIs for communication between surveillance devices and management software.
Jumpers
Small connectors on circuit boards used to configure hardware settings in older or specialty surveillance devices.
Jurisdictional Compliance
Ensuring surveillance systems meet local, state, or national privacy and security regulations.
Justification (Video Analytics)
The process of displaying visual cues (like bounding boxes) in analytics systems to show why a detection or alert was triggered.
K ⇧
K-Anonymity (Privacy Analytics)
A data privacy concept applied in video analytics to mask or generalize identifiable features in surveillance footage.
Kalman Filter (Video Analytics)
An algorithm used to predict and smooth object tracking in intelligent video analytics systems.
Kbps (Kilobits Per Second)
A data rate unit measuring the speed of video or network transmission.
Keystone Correction
A function that adjusts image shape distortion, often in projectors or large surveillance displays.
Keystone Jack
A modular connector used in network cabling for surveillance systems.
Key Frame (Video Compression)
A complete video frame used as a reference point in compressed video streams to allow efficient playback and editing.
Key Lock Box
A secure box for storing physical keys, often integrated into access control systems for emergency access.
Key Management System (KMS)
A system for managing encryption keys used to secure surveillance data.
Keypad
An input device used for arming/disarming alarm systems or controlling access.
Keypad Access
An access control method using numeric keypads for PIN entry to secure areas.
Kernel (Operating System)
The core component of an embedded OS in surveillance devices, managing hardware and software communication.
Kilobyte (KB)
A unit of data equal to 1,024 bytes, used in measuring storage or file sizes.
Kilowatt-hour (kWh)
A measurement of energy usage, relevant in calculating power requirements for large surveillance installations.
KVM Switch (Keyboard, Video, Mouse)
A hardware device that allows control of multiple DVRs, NVRs, or computers from a single keyboard, monitor, and mouse.
L ⇧
LAN (Local Area Network)
A network that connects computers and devices in a limited area like a building or campus.
Latching Relay
A relay that maintains its state (on/off) even after power is removed, used in alarm systems.
Latency
The delay between a command or action and its execution, important for live video monitoring.
Layer 2 Switch
A network switch that operates at the data link layer, managing MAC addresses.
Layer 3 Switch
A network switch with routing capabilities, ideal for complex surveillance networks.
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
A flat-panel display technology used in monitors for viewing surveillance video.
License Management (Software)
A System for controlling and tracking licenses for surveillance software and devices.
License Plate Capture - (LPC)
LPC or License Plate Capture cameras are specially designed to reliably capture vehicle license plates, unlike LPR, which refers to the process of plate video analysis. LPC cameras focus on recording clear plate images or video evidence, often using techniques like high-contrast imaging, ambient light rejection, and IR night vision for 24/7 performance.
License Plate Recognition (LPR)
A video analysis system function that captures and interprets vehicle license plates. Other interchangeable terms include those like Numeric Plate Recognition (NPR) or also those names and abbreviations including "Automatic" in the name, thus resulting in terms like ANPR or ALPR.
Line of Sight (LOS)
A straight path between a transmitter and receiver without any obstruction, critical for wireless systems.
Load Balancer
A network device that distributes data traffic across multiple servers to optimize performance in large surveillance systems.
Local Storage
Data storage directly on a camera or device using SD cards or internal memory.
Lockdown Mode
A security system state that restricts access or triggers alerts during emergencies.
Logical View (VMS)
A virtual camera layout in video management software for simplified monitoring.
Long Range IR (Infrared)
Infrared illumination designed to extend visibility for cameras over greater distances.
Long-Term Storage (Archival)
Solutions for retaining surveillance footage for extended periods, often for compliance purposes.
Low Light Camera
A camera optimized for high-quality video capture in minimal lighting conditions.
Loop Recording
A feature where new video overwrites the oldest footage when storage space is full.
Lux
A unit measuring light levels, indicating a camera's low-light sensitivity.
Live View
Real-time video display from cameras on a monitoring system.
M ⇧
MAC Address (Media Access Control Address)
A unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communication.
Magnetically Shielded Cable
Cabling designed to protect surveillance signals from electromagnetic interference.
Magnetic Contact Sensor
A security sensor used on doors or windows to detect opening or closing.
Manual Focus
A camera focus mode requiring the user to adjust the lens to achieve clear images.
Manual Iris
A lens iris that requires manual adjustment to control light exposure.
Manual Override
A feature allowing manual control of automated surveillance systems during special situations.
Megabyte (MB)
A unit of data equal to 1,024 kilobytes, commonly used to measure file sizes.
Megapixel (MP) Resolutions
Common camera resolutions grouped by megapixels: 1MP (720p), 2MP (1080p), 3MP, 4MP (2K), 5MP(~3K), 8MP (4K), 12MP, 16MP and 32MP (8K).
Mesh Network
A wireless network topology ideal for large-scale surveillance deployments where cameras communicate through multiple nodes.
Metadata (Video Analytics)
Data embedded within video streams to describe analytics events, object types, and timestamps.
Mil-Grade (Military Grade)
Surveillance devices designed or rated to withstand extreme environments, shock, and vibration.
Mil-Spec (Military Specification)
Equipment built to U.S. Department of Defense standards for durability and performance in harsh conditions.
Mirror Mode
A camera setting that flips the video image horizontally for specific installation requirements.
Mobile App (VMS)
A smartphone or tablet application used to access live and recorded video from surveillance systems remotely.
Mobile Grade
Surveillance equipment designed for use in vehicles or mobile platforms with ruggedization for vibration and temperature extremes.
Mobile Surveillance
Mobile Surveillance generally refers to security systems designed for use in vehicles, trailers, or temporary locations. These systems combine cameras, recording devices, and wireless communication for live monitoring and video capture in motion or at remote sites and likewise also often include mobile grade features and functions.
Monitoring Software
Programs used to view, analyze, and manage live and recorded surveillance video.
Monitoring Station
A central location where surveillance feeds are observed and managed.
Mounting Bracket
A hardware accessory for securely attaching cameras to walls, ceilings, or poles.
Motion Blur Reduction
A camera setting or feature that minimizes blur in fast-moving scenes for clearer footage.
Motion Detection
A feature that triggers recording or alerts when movement is detected in the camera's field of view.
Motion Masking
A feature allowing users to exclude certain areas from motion detection to avoid false alarms.
Multi-Cast Streaming
A method of transmitting video streams to multiple clients simultaneously without increasing network load.
Multi-Sensor Camera
A camera unit with multiple image sensors providing wide area coverage with fewer devices.
Multi-Streaming
A camera's ability to send multiple video streams at different resolutions and frame rates.
MUX (Multiplexer)
A device that combines multiple input signals into one output for efficient data transmission.
N ⇧
NAS (Network Attached Storage)
A dedicated storage device connected to a network, used for storing surveillance footage.
Nano-Second (ns)
A unit of time relevant in high-speed electronics and data transmission in surveillance systems.
Near Infrared (NIR)
The portion of the infrared spectrum used by most surveillance cameras for night vision.
Network Access Control (NAC)
A security measure that regulates device access to the surveillance network.
Network Address Translation (NAT)
A method used in routers to translate private IP addresses to public ones for secure and efficient Internet access.
Network Attached Processor
A processor directly connected to a network for handling video analytics or storage tasks.
Network Bandwidth
The capacity of a network connection, critical for streaming high-resolution video.
Network Load Balancing
A technique to distribute data traffic evenly across multiple network paths or devices for optimal performance in surveillance systems.
Network Segmentation
Dividing a network into smaller parts to improve performance and security in large surveillance systems.
Network Switch
A device that connects multiple network devices, critical for building robust IP surveillance systems.
Network Time Protocol (NTP)
A protocol used to synchronize time across all devices in a surveillance system.
Network Video Analytics (NVA)
Analytics processed directly within the network infrastructure rather than on individual devices or central servers.
Network Video Recorder (NVR)
A recorder designed for IP cameras, storing video streams over a network.
Neural Network Technology
AI systems modeled after the human brain, used in video analytics for tasks like object recognition, behavior analysis, and anomaly detection.
Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW)
A security system combining traditional firewall functions with advanced filtering for protecting surveillance networks.
Night Vision
Camera capability allowing visibility in low-light or no-light conditions using infrared technology.
Node
Any device (camera, recorder, switch) connected to a network.
Noise Filtering (Audio/Video)
Technology used to minimize unwanted sound or video artifacts in surveillance recordings.
Noise Figure
A measure of the noise added by electronic components in surveillance systems, affecting image quality.
Noise Immunity
The ability of a surveillance system or device to resist electrical interference and maintain signal quality.
Noise Reduction (3DNR, DNR)
A digital processing feature that reduces image noise in low-light environments.
Non-Volatile Memory
Memory that retains data even when power is removed, used in surveillance devices for configuration storage.
NTSC (National Television System Committee)
An analog television color system standard used in North America.
O ⇧
Object Classification
Video analytics technology that identifies and categorizes objects (e.g., humans, vehicles, animals) in a camera’s field of view.
Object Tracking
An analytic feature that follows moving objects across the camera’s field of view.
Omnidirectional Microphone
A microphone design that captures sound equally from all directions, often integrated in surveillance cameras.
Onboard Analytics
Video analytics processing performed directly on the camera rather than at the server or VMS level.
ONVIF (Open Network Video Interface Forum)
A global standard for the interoperability of IP-based security products.
Open Collector Output
An electronic output type in cameras and recorders used to control external devices like sirens or lights.
Open Platform VMS
A video management system that supports third-party integrations and devices for greater flexibility.
Operating Temperature Range
The temperature limits within which a surveillance device can operate reliably.
Operational Range
The maximum distance or area where a surveillance device can perform effectively.
Optical Image Stabilization (OIS)
Technology that reduces blurring in video by compensating for camera shake, particularly in PTZ and mobile cameras.
Optical Zoom
A lens feature allowing continuous magnification by adjusting focal length between the widest and most telephoto settings. Common PTZ specifications like 10x, 20x, 30x, and 50x indicate the multiple of zoom between these focal points.
OSD (On-Screen Display)
A feature that overlays configuration menus and information on a camera’s video feed.
Outdoor Camera
A camera designed with weatherproof housing for external use.
Overlay
Text or graphics superimposed on a video feed, such as timestamps or camera names.
Overexposure
A condition where too much light causes image brightness and detail loss.
Over-the-Air (OTA) Updates
Firmware or software updates delivered wirelessly to surveillance devices.
Output Trigger
An electrical signal sent by a surveillance device to activate alarms, lights, or other connected systems.
P ⇧
Packet Loss
Loss of data packets during network transmission, leading to degraded video quality or dropped frames.
PAL (Phase Alternating Line)
Analog television color system used in many countries outside North America.
Pan Range
The total horizontal rotation capability of a PTZ camera, typically expressed in degrees (e.g., 360° continuous pan).
Pan Speed
The rate at which a PTZ camera can rotate horizontally, measured in degrees per second.
Pan-Tilt
A motorized mechanism that moves cameras horizontally (pan) and vertically (tilt) to adjust viewing angles or track subjects. While PTZ cameras include pan-tilt functions, the term “pan-tilt” often refers to standalone units designed for custom builds, specialty cameras, or unique system requirements.
Pan-Tilt-Zoom (PTZ) Camera
A camera that can pan horizontally, tilt vertically, and zoom optically for flexible monitoring.
Panoramic Camera
A camera providing 180° or 360° field of view for wide area coverage.
Passive Infrared (PIR) Sensor
Detects motion based on heat signatures emitted by objects.
Passive PoE
A non-standard PoE method supplying power without negotiation, typically used for short cable runs.
Password Protection
A security measure requiring user authentication to access devices or software.
Pixel Density (PPI)
The number of pixels per inch in a camera image, determining image sharpness and clarity.
PoE (Power over Ethernet)
IEEE 802.3af standard delivering up to 15.4W over Ethernet cables to power devices like IP cameras.
PoE+ (Power over Ethernet Plus)
IEEE 802.3at standard delivering up to 30W per port, supporting higher-power devices such as PTZ cameras.
PoE++ (Power over Ethernet++)
IEEE 802.3bt standard delivering up to 60W (Type 3) or 100W (Type 4) for advanced multi-sensor cameras and devices.
Port Forwarding
A network configuration enabling external access to surveillance devices through specific router ports.
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
Provides regulated power to cameras and other surveillance equipment.
Preset Tour (PTZ)
A PTZ camera feature allowing it to cycle through preset positions automatically.
Privacy Masking
Blocks or obscures portions of a camera’s view digitally to protect privacy in sensitive areas.
Progressive Scan
Captures and displays each video frame line-by-line for clearer images, especially in moving scenes.
Proxy Server
Acts as an intermediary between surveillance devices and the internet to enhance security and manage network traffic.
Pulse Width Modulation (PWM)
A method of controlling LED brightness in IR illuminators to extend lifespan and reduce glare.
Q ⇧
QHD (Quad High Definition)
A resolution of 2560x1440 pixels, offering four times the resolution of standard 720p HD, used in some surveillance systems for enhanced clarity.
QoE (Quality of Experience)
A measurement of user satisfaction with video streaming, considering factors like clarity, latency, and smooth playback.
QoS (Quality of Service)
A network feature prioritizing critical video data to ensure smooth streaming and reduce latency.
Quad Stream
A camera’s capability to output four simultaneous video streams at different resolutions or frame rates for various uses.
Quad View
A DVR/NVR feature that allows simultaneous display of four camera feeds on one screen.
QR Code Setup
Simplifies camera configuration by scanning a QR code with a mobile app for automatic network pairing.
Query-Based Search (VMS)
A feature in video management software allowing users to find footage based on specific criteria like motion, object type, or event triggers.
Quiescent Current
The minimal current drawn by a device in standby mode, relevant in power-sensitive surveillance setups.
Quick Connect
A feature or connector type enabling fast and simple installation of cameras or devices.
R ⇧
RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks)
A storage technology combining multiple hard drives for redundancy and performance. Common RAID levels include RAID 0 (striping for speed), RAID 1 (mirroring for redundancy), RAID 5 (striping with parity), and RAID 6 (dual parity).
Radio Frequency (RF) Interference
Unwanted signals disrupting wireless surveillance systems.
Rapid Deployment Camera
A portable surveillance unit designed for quick setup in temporary or emergency situations.
Real-Time (Video)
Refers to video recorded or displayed at frame rates around 25fps (PAL) or 30fps (NTSC), providing smooth motion that is perceived as real-time by the human eye.
Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP)
Used for streaming video to platforms like YouTube or Facebook.
Real-Time Operating System (RTOS)
An operating system in cameras and recorders designed for consistent timing and responsiveness.
Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP)
A network protocol for streaming video in real time.
Redundant Power Supply (RPS)
A backup power system ensuring uninterrupted operation of surveillance equipment in case of primary PSU failure.
Region of Interest (ROI)
A feature that prioritizes encoding quality in selected areas of a video frame to save bandwidth.
Relay Output
A controllable switch within surveillance devices to trigger alarms, lights, or sirens.
Remote Access
The ability to view and control surveillance systems from off-site via the internet. Often also called Remote Monitoring, which may imply additional features.
Resolution
The number of pixels in a video image, determining its clarity (e.g., 1080p, 4K).
Retention Time
The length of time recorded video is stored before being overwritten.
RJ45 Connector
A standard connector for Ethernet network cables.
Roll Angle Compensation
A PTZ feature that adjusts for camera tilt to keep horizons level.
Router
A network device directing data traffic between local devices and the internet.
RS-485/RS-422
Serial communication standards used for PTZ telemetry and joystick system controller communication interfaces in surveillance systems.
S ⇧
SD Card (Secure Digital Card)
Removable storage media often used in cameras for edge recording.
Secure Boot
A security feature ensuring only trusted software runs on surveillance devices during startup.
Sensor Size
The physical dimensions of a camera’s image sensor, impacting field of view and low-light performance.
Sensitivity
A camera's ability to detect light, expressed in lux.
Sequential Switching
A feature in CCTV and IP viewing systems allowing displays to cycle through multiple camera feeds automatically in sequence, useful for monitoring large installations. Also once a popular method used to optimize Legacy CCTV systems via devices like sequential switchers due to limits of viewing & recording technologies.
Server
A computer or device that manages network resources, including video storage.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Used for monitoring and managing network devices.
SIP (Session Initiation Protocol)
A signaling protocol used in VoIP and surveillance systems for initiating, maintaining, and terminating real-time video and audio communication.
Slow Shutter (a.k.a. Electronic Shutter, Extended Exposure)
A camera feature that lengthens exposure time to gather more light, improving low-light performance but potentially causing motion blur.
Smart IR
Technology that adjusts infrared intensity to prevent overexposure of close objects.
Smart Search
A VMS or NVR feature allowing users to quickly locate events in recorded footage based on motion, object detection, or other analytics.
Snapshot
A still image captured from a live video feed.
Solar Cameras
Solar Cameras are surveillance cameras powered by solar energy, ideal for remote or off-grid locations. They typically use solar panels and batteries to provide continuous monitoring where electrical infrastructure is unavailable. There are mass production and custom built units both with differences that can vary greatly.
SSD (Solid-State Drive)
Storage devices with no moving parts, offering faster data access and greater reliability than traditional HDDs in surveillance systems.
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)
Security protocol ensuring encrypted communication over networks.
Static IP Address
A fixed IP address assigned to a device, ensuring consistent network communication.
Streaming
Delivering video over a network for real-time viewing.
Subent Mask
Defines network and host portions of an IP address.
Surge Protector
A device protecting surveillance equipment from voltage spikes.
Surveillance Grade HDD
Hard drives designed for 24/7 video recording workloads, often specifically promoted for video security and surveillaance systems.
Surveillance Trailer
A Surveillance Trailer is a mobile trailer platform equipped with cameras, power systems (often solar), and communication hardware for temporary or remote security deployments. Common applications include events, construction sites, and tactical law enforcement. These custom systems can vary signifigantly in specs and features.
System Log (Syslog)
A record of events and actions within surveillance systems, used for troubleshooting and auditing.
T ⇧
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
A suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices.
Tamper Detection
A camera feature that generates alerts if the device is covered, moved, or vandalized.
Telemetry Control
Control signals (e.g., RS-485) sent to PTZ cameras for remote operation of pan, tilt, zoom, focus, and auxiliary functions.
Telescopic Mast
A Telescopic Mast is a retractable pole like solution most often used to elevate cameras, antennas, and/or sensors. Often mounted on vehicles or trailers, telescopic masts allow flexible deployment of equipment for improved visibility and coverage.
Terabyte (TB)
A unit of digital storage equal to approximately 1,000 gigabytes (GB), commonly used when specifying hard drive capacities for video surveillance systems.
TF Slot (TransFlash Slot)
A slot for microSD (TransFlash) memory cards used in cameras for local edge recording and storage.
Thermal Camera
Detects heat signatures for imaging in total darkness or obscured conditions.
Throughput
The amount of data successfully transferred over a network in a given time.
Tilt Range
The vertical movement capability of a PTZ camera, expressed in degrees.
Tilt Speed
The rate at which a PTZ camera can tilt vertically, measured in degrees per second.
Time-Lapse Recording
A recording mode that captures frames at set intervals for condensed playback.
Timestamp
Metadata embedded in video or images indicating the exact date and time an event was recorded, critical for evidence integrity.
Token-Based Authentication
A security method for verifying user access using digital tokens.
Transcoder
A device or software that converts video from one format or resolution to another.
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
A cryptographic protocol ensuring secure communication over IP networks.
Tri-Stream Encoding
The ability of a camera to provide three separate streams at different resolutions.
True Day/Night Camera
Uses an IR-cut filter for better performance in varied lighting.
TVI (Transport Video Interface)
An HD analog video standard allowing transmission of 720p and 1080p video over coaxial cables.
Two-Way Audio
Allows communication through a camera using built-in speakers and microphones.
U ⇧
UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
A communication protocol used for time-sensitive transmissions like video streaming.
UDP Multicast
A method of sending video streams to multiple clients simultaneously without duplicating data, saving bandwidth in large surveillance networks.
UID (Universally Unique Identifier)
A unique identifier assigned to devices or recordings for tracking and management in surveillance systems.
Ultra HD (UHD)
A high-resolution video standard (typically 4K: 3840x2160 pixels) offering superior clarity in surveillance footage.
Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Certification)
Safety certification indicating a product meets rigorous standards, often seen on power supplies and enclosures.
Unified Threat Management (UTM)
An all-in-one network security solution combining firewall, intrusion detection, antivirus, and VPN support for protecting surveillance networks.
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
Provides backup power to cameras and recorders during outages.
Upload Bandwidth
The capacity of a network to send data upstream, critical for remote viewing and cloud storage of video.
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
The address of a resource (like a camera feed) on a network or the internet.
USB (Universal Serial Bus)
A standard interface for connecting peripherals such as external storage devices to surveillance systems.
User Audit Trail
A system log tracking user actions within surveillance software for security and compliance purposes.
User Log
A detailed record of user logins, actions, and access within surveillance software, aiding in auditing and security.
User Permissions
Settings that define what actions different users can perform in a system.
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)
A type of cabling commonly used in Ethernet networks.
V ⇧
VBR (Variable Bitrate)
A video compression method where bitrate adjusts dynamically based on scene complexity, optimizing storage and bandwidth.
VCA (Video Content Analytics)
Intelligent analysis of video feeds for detecting events like intrusion, loitering, object removal, or crowd gathering.
Verification (Alarm Verification)
The process of confirming alarm events using video or audio before dispatching a response team.
VGA (Video Graphics Array)
An analog interface for video output, commonly found on older monitors and DVRs.
Video Encoding Standards
Protocols like H.264, H.265, and MJPEG used to compress and transmit surveillance video efficiently.
Video Loss
Occurs when a camera signal is interrupted or fails to transmit, triggering alerts in surveillance systems.
Video Management Software (VMS)
Software for viewing, recording, and managing multiple surveillance cameras from a centralized platform.
Video Motion Detection (VMD)
A feature that triggers recording or alerts when motion is detected within the video feed.
Video Wall
A large display system composed of multiple screens for monitoring many feeds simultaneously in control rooms.
Video Servers / Encoders / Decoders
Devices that convert analog video to digital for IP networks (encoders) or digital back to analog for legacy displays (decoders), enabling hybrid surveillance systems.
View Station
A workstation or dedicated device used to monitor, control, and manage video feeds from surveillance systems.
Viewport
The visible area of a video stream as displayed on a user interface or monitor.
Virtual PTZ (vPTZ)
A digital simulation of PTZ functionality, allowing users to zoom and pan within high-resolution video footage.
Voice over IP (VoIP)
Technology enabling audio communication over IP networks, often integrated into IP surveillance systems for intercom or two-way audio.
Voltage Regulation
A feature in power supplies ensuring consistent voltage delivery to surveillance devices.
W ⇧
WAN (Wide Area Network)
A network that covers a large geographic area, connecting multiple LANs.
Watchdog Timer
A system feature that resets a device if it becomes unresponsive.
Watchlist Alert
An analytic feature that triggers notifications when a specific face or license plate from a preloaded list is detected.
Watermarking
Embedding a digital mark in video to verify authenticity and prevent tampering.
Waveform Monitor
A diagnostic tool used to measure and display video signal levels in surveillance systems.
WDR (Wide Dynamic Range)
Enhances image quality in scenes with both bright and dark areas by balancing exposure.
Web Client
A browser-based interface for accessing and managing surveillance systems remotely.
Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity)
A wireless networking technology used to connect cameras and devices without physical cabling.
WiGig (Wireless Gigabit)
A short-range wireless standard supporting multi-gigabit speeds, sometimes applied in high-bandwidth surveillance setups.
Wireless Bridge
A device that links two wired networks over a wireless connection for extended coverage.
Wireless PTZ Camera
A PTZ camera that transmits video wirelessly and can be controlled remotely.
X ⇧
X.509 Certificate
A digital certificate used to verify the identity of devices and enable encrypted communication in IP-based surveillance systems.
X-axis Stabilization
A feature in PTZ cameras or drones to reduce horizontal movement and maintain steady video.
XGA (Extended Graphics Array)
A display resolution standard of 1024x768 pixels, commonly used in older CCTV monitors.
XMP (Extensible Metadata Platform)
A standard for embedding metadata in video files, useful for managing and searching surveillance footage.
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
A file format used in video management systems for configuration and data exchange.
X-ray Security Systems
Imaging technology used at checkpoints or critical infrastructure for detecting concealed objects.
XVR (Hybrid Video Recorder)
A hybrid DVR that supports multiple video signal types (CVI, TVI, AHD, CVBS, IP). The "X" signifies cross-technology or multi-format security camera signal support.
Y ⇧
Y-Axis Stabilization
A feature in PTZ or drone cameras that compensates for vertical tilt or pitch movements to maintain smooth and stable footage.
Y-Cable
A cable with a split end used to connect two devices to a single port or power source.
Y-Channel (Luminance Channel)
Part of the YUV color space, representing brightness information crucial for image quality and low-light video analytics.
Yagi Antenna
A directional antenna often used in wireless surveillance setups to extend signal range and improve connectivity.
Yaw
The horizontal rotation movement of a camera (panning), especially in PTZ and drone systems.
YUV Color Space
A color encoding system used in video applications to separate brightness (Y) from color (U and V), commonly applied in video compression and transmission.
Z ⇧
Z-Axis Stabilization
A feature in advanced PTZ or drone cameras to counteract vertical movement and maintain steady video.
Z-Wave
A wireless communication protocol used in home automation and security devices for connecting sensors, locks, and alarms.
Zener Diode
A type of diode used in power regulation circuits within surveillance devices to prevent voltage spikes.
Zero Configuration (ZeroConf)
A networking feature that allows devices to connect and configure automatically without user intervention, useful for plug-and-play IP cameras.
Zero Lux
A term indicating a camera’s ability to capture images in complete darkness using infrared (IR) illumination.
Zone
An area defined within a surveillance system for event detection or alarm triggering, such as motion detection zones.
Zoom Lens
A lens with variable focal length, allowing magnification of the image without moving the camera.
Zoom Ratio
The ratio of the longest focal length to the shortest in a zoom lens, indicating the magnification range (e.g., 30x optical zoom).